Sunday, January 3, 2016

John Dewey's Experience and Education Chapter One

A good friend (and mentor) of mine, Duff Rearick, and I are reading Experience and Education by John Dewey and sharing our thoughts with each other.  We both read a chapter and then write our response to the chapter.  Our response centers on what Dewey has to say as it relates to Mass Customized Learning and creating a new learning ecosystem.  I share our writings on this blog.  Please feel free to join the conversation!

Tom's reaction to chapter One.

Chapter 1
Traditional versus Progressive Education

Recently I completed reading What Hath God Wrought: The transformation of America from 1815-1848 by Daniel Walker Howe.  I mention this because the author refers to this time in American History as a time of a “communication revolution”.  Whether it was people marveling at the (short) 78 days it took a ship to travel from China to New York or the mind blowing speed at which the telegraph allowed communication to occur, people marveled at the improvement of the speed of communication.  I mention this because I believe we have deluded ourselves in the 21st century to think that we live in a “special” time in which technological change is happening at a pace never equaled before in the history of mankind.  That assumption is just not true. Each stage of history American history has undergone incredible changes that has significantly impacted our society.  In other words, change is a constant and people living through it always believe the change they are experiencing is the most significant ever.   However, nothing is static.

In chapter One of Experience and Education, Dewey criticizes the educational system because society views subject matter and instruction as a static entity which has no relevance to the lived experience of students.
“Moreover, that which is taught is thought of as essentially static.  It is taught as a finished product, with little regard to the ways in which it was originally built up or to the changes that will surely occur in the future.  It is to a large extent a cultural product of societies that assumed that the future would be much like the past, and yet it is used as educational food in a society where change is the rule and not the exception” [my italics] (p. 19).
Two interesting points.  First, in 1938 when Dewey was writing this book he recognized that societies are in a constant state of change and, two, educators must not be fooled into thinking knowledge is static.  If one believes that knowledge is static, then viewing the world through what Dewey calls an  “either-or” dichotomy will help you make sense of the past but inhibits you in making sense of the present and future.

I believe educators must embrace the grey area between the “either-or’s”.  Educational reformers (I like to call them deformers) have set the narrative of education to either-or.  If you do not agree with what they want to do to education, then you are against kids because what they want to do is all that will work.  This has resulted in an intensification of the education philosophy that Dewey was speaking against: teach the standards from an approved textbook and make a curriculum that is imposed from outside the education system.  My dream for true educational transformation (and I know Duff Rearick is rolling his eyes at my use of “transformation”) starts with educators (namely teachers) working in the area between the either-or’s.  This means, like Dewey mentions in chapter One, that we understand what works and does not work in our current system and create learning experiences for students that allows the subject matter to come alive in the context of our current society.


We must create an atmosphere in schools (or whatever iteration of schools the future holds) where teachers are not imposing subject matter onto the students.  Rather, the teacher will create experiences (working with the students) that will contextualize the learning the student is attempting to understand.  The act of creating experiences versus imposing “knowledge” increases the importance of teachers in the educational system.  They are not just portals in which established knowledge is passed through to students, they use their knowledge of the subject, the student, their community and society to craft learning experiences which are meaningful.  In effect, the act of creating experiences professionalizes teachers.

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